Left Behind: The Urgent Need for Mental Health Reform in Jamaica’sJustice and Social Systems

Mental health is not a luxury; it is a fundamental right. In Jamaica today, thousands suffer in

silence, and far too many are denied access to care, particularly in marginalized communities,among incarcerated populations, and in settings of violence and homelessness. It is time for urgent, collective action across sectors to change that reality.

Jamaica stands at a critical juncture in its response to mental illness.

Despite years of advocacy, thousands of Jamaicans -including children, the homeless, and incarcerated individuals- still live without meaningful access to mental health care.

This neglect fuels cycles of violence, poverty, and despair that affect every community.

Recent data show that in September 2025 alone, more than 600 Jamaicans called the national mental health helpline seeking help for depression. Trauma and suicidal thoughts continues to be a pressing concern.

Jamaica has seen an increase in suicide since COVID-19, and the recorded numbers in 2025 are still concerning.

In our justice system, some 300 persons remain in limbo, unfit to plead due to mental issues, trapped in custody without psychiatric care. Five years after repeated recommendations, Jamaica still lacks a dedicated forensic psychiatric facility, leaving hundreds to languish in correctional institutions unequipped for treatment.

SUFJ has advocated for the creation of this dedicated forensic psychiatric facility to properly house and care for mentally ill inmates, since many are currently handled in correctional facilities without appropriate infrastructure. In the case of George Williams, a mentally ill man detained without charge for 50 years, SUFJ assisted with legal representation, psychiatric assessments and aided the family with financial support.

In July 2025, the government ordered a compensation package for Mr. Williams in the amount of J$120 million.

Although this victory did not erase the years of turmoil faced by Mr. Williams during his detainment, it raises serious concerns on the value placed on the lives of marginalized Jamaicans, especially those of the mentally ill community.

Mental illness is not confined to hospital wards or the outskirts of our communities, it is visible in our classrooms, on our streets, and behind prison walls.

Children and youth are showing alarming rates of anxiety, depression, and behavioral distress. The slated resumption of the School Mental Health Literacy Programme, led by guidance counsellors, is a step in the right direction. But awareness alone is not enough. Prevention must start early, with school-based mental health education, counseling support, and teacher training to identify warning signs and provide help before crises emerge.

Homelessness, violence, and mental illness are deeply connected.

People living with untreated disorders are more likely to fall into homelessness or conflict with the law, while survivors of violence often carry lifelong psychological wounds.

Breaking this cycle demands a collective and compassionate national response that integrates health care, education, social support, and justice reform. In 2024, with the assistance of the American Friends of Jamaica and the German Embassy, SUFJ commenced a pilot project in collaboration with the Portland Rehabilitation Management Homeless Shelter, which serves homeless people, many with mental health issues.

Specific contributions include: financial support, capacity-building (e.g. skills training in craft and jewelry making), supporting farm/animal husbandry initiatives (chicken, rabbit, goat farms), helping with food, medication, rehabilitative programming, life skills, counselling and health care. The project was successful, seeing several mentally ill persons participating in programs run by HEART Trust NSTA and graduating, while others participated in rehabilitation through craft training and counselling, gaining meaningful skills that can help them with reintegration within their families and communities.

Stand Up for Jamaica has been leading efforts to address this critical issue, working with four pro bono attorneys, both inside and outside correctional centers, to secure the release of mentally ill individuals held without trial. Thanks to our legal support, several have regained their freedom. At the same time, we continue to advocate for new, care-based rehabilitation pathways that ensure proper medical and psychological support for incarcerated persons living with mental illness.

In January 2025, SUFJ released a policy paper proposing structural and legislative changes to be introduced for dealing with mental illness matters.

Yet, much more remains to be done.

That is why we join our voice to call for:

• Mental health inclusion in all public policy and budgeting

• Early prevention and education in schools to promote emotional literacy and resilience

• Community-based services linking housing, violence prevention, and mental health care

• Establishment of a forensic psychiatric facility and humane treatment for mentally ill detainees

Mental health is not a privilege. As Monique Lynch eloquently put in the Gleaner last Friday, it is a lifeline and a foundation for national well-being. Jamaica’s future depends on our shared commitment to care, dignity, and justice for all.